85 lines
3.3 KiB
Markdown
85 lines
3.3 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: 核心语法与句型
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createTime: 2025/10/20 16:40:00
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permalink: /subject/english/grammar/
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---
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# 核心语法与句型
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## 时态与语态
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- 16 种时态的构成与用法（一般/进行/完成/完成进行 × 现在/过去/将来/过去将来）
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- 被动语态的转换规则与适用场景
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- 时态一致原则（主将从现、过去时一致等）
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- 情态动词 + 完成体（must have done / should have done 等）的推测与虚拟含义
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## 从句
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### 名词性从句
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- 主语从句（That he failed surprised us. / Whether she comes matters.）
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- 宾语从句（I think (that) you are right.）
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- 表语从句（The truth is that he lied.）
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- 同位语从句（The fact that he lied shocked us.）
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### 定语从句
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- 限定性 vs. 非限定性
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- 关系代词（who / whom / whose / which / that）与关系副词（when / where / why）
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- 介词 + 关系代词（the house in which I live）
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- 省略与替代（the book (that) I bought; the place (where) we met）
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### 状语从句
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- 时间（when / while / before / after / as soon as / until）
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- 条件（if / unless / provided that / on condition that）
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- 让步（though / although / even if / while）
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- 原因（because / since / as / now that）
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- 结果（so...that / such...that）
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- 目的（so that / in order that）
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- 比较（than / as...as / the more...the more）
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## 非谓语动词
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- 不定式（to do）：作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语
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- 动名词（doing）：作主语、宾语、表语、定语
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- 现在分词（doing）与过去分词（done）：作定语、状语、补语、表语
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- 独立主格结构（with + O + OC; N + doing / done...）
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- 非谓语动词的时态与语态（to be doing / to have done / being done / having been done）
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## 倒装与虚拟
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### 倒装
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- 否定副词置前（Never have I seen...）
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- Only + 状语置前（Only then did I realize...）
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- So / Such 置前（So fast did he run that...）
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- 方位/时间副词置前（Out rushed the children.）
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- 虚拟条件句省略 if（Were I you... / Had I known...）
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### 虚拟语气
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- 与现在事实相反（If I were you, I would...）
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- 与过去事实相反（If I had known, I would have...）
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- 与将来事实相反（If it should rain tomorrow...）
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- 省略 if 的倒装（Were / Should / Had...）
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- 含蓄虚拟（without / but for / otherwise）
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- 名词性从句中的虚拟（insist that... (should) do; It is important that... (should) do）
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## 句式与信息焦点
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### 强调结构
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- It is / was...that / who...（It was John that/who broke the window.）
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- 助动词 do / does / did（She did tell me the truth.）
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- 副词强调（absolutely / definitely / simply）
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### 分裂句（Cleft Sentence）
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- 主语分裂（What I need is time.）
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- 宾语分裂（What he bought was a Ferrari.）
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- 状语分裂（Where we met was in Paris.）
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### 平行与省略
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- 并列结构中的省略（He likes tea and she coffee.）
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- 比较结构中的省略（I like her better than him.）
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- 替代（do / so / one / that / those）
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### 插入语与同位语
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- 破折号、括号、逗号插入（The book—which I bought yesterday—is amazing.）
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- 同位语短语（Mr. Smith, CEO of the company, will attend.）
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### 长难句拆解策略
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- 找谓语，定主干
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- 划从句，标连接词
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- 去插入，还省略
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- 调语序，还原文
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