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typeof="WebPage" data-v-1ae4ad7a><!--[-->technology<!--]--><!----></a><span class="vpi-chevron-right" data-v-1ae4ad7a></span><meta property="name" content="technology" data-v-1ae4ad7a><meta property="position" content="4" data-v-1ae4ad7a></li><li property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem" data-v-1ae4ad7a><a class="vp-link link breadcrumb current" href="/article/operate-wsl2/" property="item" typeof="WebPage" data-v-1ae4ad7a><!--[-->WSL2 核心操作指南<!--]--><!----></a><!----><meta property="name" content="WSL2 核心操作指南" data-v-1ae4ad7a><meta property="position" content="5" data-v-1ae4ad7a></li><!--]--></ol></nav><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><h1 class="vp-doc-title page-title" data-v-ba8d1a1e><!----> WSL2 核心操作指南 <!----></h1><div class="vp-doc-meta" data-v-ba8d1a1e><!--[--><!--]--><p class="reading-time" data-v-ba8d1a1e><span class="vpi-books icon" data-v-ba8d1a1e></span><span data-v-ba8d1a1e>约 1123 字</span><span data-v-ba8d1a1e>大约 4 分钟</span></p><!----><!--[--><!--]--><p class="create-time" data-v-ba8d1a1e><span class="vpi-clock icon" data-v-ba8d1a1e></span><span data-v-ba8d1a1e>2025-09-30</span></p></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="_article_operate-wsl2_ external-link-icon-enabled vp-doc plume-content" vp-content data-v-23f6ad98><!--[--><!--]--><div data-v-23f6ad98><p>这篇文章主要讲WSL2虚拟机核心操作哦～它基于轻量级Hyper-V运行，像贴心小精灵默默工作～还能用命令行精细控制！接下来讲启动/关闭、实例管理、资源配置、网络操作、备份迁移这五大操作，是不是很期待呢～♪</p><h2 id="启动-关闭-wsl2-虚拟机" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#启动-关闭-wsl2-虚拟机"><span>启动/关闭 WSL2 虚拟机</span></a></h2><p>WSL2的虚拟机平时是由Windows自动管理的呢，不过我们也可以通过命令手动控制它的生命周期哦～</p><div class="language- line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="" style="--shiki-light:#393a34;--shiki-dark:#dbd7caee;--shiki-light-bg:#ffffff;--shiki-dark-bg:#121212;"><pre class="shiki shiki-themes vitesse-light vitesse-dark vp-code"><code class="language-"><span class="line"><span># 启动指定的发行版</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>wsl -d Ubuntu-20.04</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># 关闭指定的发行版</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>wsl --terminate Ubuntu-20.04</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>如果想要完全关闭WSL2的所有虚拟机，也是可以的哦～</p><p>使用这个命令后，所有的发行版都会被强制终止，内存、网络、文件句柄都会被全部释放呢～</p><div class="language- line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="" style="--shiki-light:#393a34;--shiki-dark:#dbd7caee;--shiki-light-bg:#ffffff;--shiki-dark-bg:#121212;"><pre class="shiki shiki-themes vitesse-light vitesse-dark vp-code"><code class="language-"><span class="line"><span>wsl --shutdown</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="管理正在运行的-wsl-实例" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#管理正在运行的-wsl-实例"><span>管理正在运行的 WSL 实例</span></a></h2><p>想知道当前有哪些WSL实例在运行吗？很简单哦～使用下面这个命令就可以查看啦：</p><div class="language- line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="" style="--shiki-light:#393a34;--shiki-dark:#dbd7caee;--shiki-light-bg:#ffffff;--shiki-dark-bg:#121212;"><pre class="shiki shiki-themes vitesse-light vitesse-dark vp-code"><code class="language-"><span class="line"><span>wsl -l -v</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>输出结果大概是这个样子的哦～</p><div class="language-text line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="text" style="--shiki-light:#393a34;--shiki-dark:#dbd7caee;--shiki-light-bg:#ffffff;--shiki-dark-bg:#121212;"><pre class="shiki shiki-themes vitesse-light vitesse-dark vp-code"><code class="language-text"><span class="line"><span> NAME STATE VERSION</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>* Ubuntu Running 2</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> docker-desktop Running 2</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span> Ubuntu-20.04 Stopped 2</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>看到那个带星号(*)的了吗？那就是当前的默认系统哦～如果想要设置新的默认发行版，可以使用这个命令：</p><div class="language- line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="" style="--shiki-light:#393a34;--shiki-dark:#dbd7caee;--shiki-light-bg:#ffffff;--shiki-dark-bg:#121212;"><pre class="shiki shiki-themes vitesse-light vitesse-dark vp-code"><code class="language-"><span class="line"><span>wsl --set-default Ubuntu-20.04</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>嘿嘿～接下来讲讲怎么删除一个 WSL 实例哦～如果想和某个WSL实例说拜拜，就可以用下面这个命令哒～</p><div class="language- line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="" style="--shiki-light:#393a34;--shiki-dark:#dbd7caee;--shiki-light-bg:#ffffff;--shiki-dark-bg:#121212;"><pre class="shiki shiki-themes vitesse-light vitesse-dark vp-code"><code class="language-"><span class="line"><span>wsl --unregister Ubuntu-20.04</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>注意，删除后无法恢复哦～请谨慎操作～</p><h2 id="配置-wsl2-资源" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#配置-wsl2-资源"><span>配置 WSL2 资源</span></a></h2><p>WSL2的资源也是可以自定义配置的哦～我们可以通过编辑<code>%USERPROFILE%\.wslconfig</code>文件来设置内存、CPU核心数等参数呢～</p><div class="language- line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="" style="--shiki-light:#393a34;--shiki-dark:#dbd7caee;--shiki-light-bg:#ffffff;--shiki-dark-bg:#121212;"><pre class="shiki shiki-themes vitesse-light vitesse-dark vp-code"><code class="language-"><span class="line"><span>[wsl2]</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># 内存限制（默认：80% 物理内存）</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>memory=4GB</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># CPU 核心数限制（默认：全部核心）</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>processors=2</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
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<span class="line"><span># 交换空间大小（默认：25% 内存）</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span>swap=2GB</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span># 是否启用 localhost 端口转发（默认 true）</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span>localhostForwarding=true</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>要注意哦～修改完配置后，必须重启WSL2虚拟机才能让这些设置生效呢～</p><h2 id="网络相关配置" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#网络相关配置"><span>网络相关配置</span></a></h2><p>WSL2使用的是虚拟NAT网络哦，它和Windows主机是相互隔离的，但又可以互相通信呢～是不是很神奇～</p><table><thead><tr><th>方向</th><th>访问方式</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Windows -> WSL2</td><td>localhost:port</td><td>自动端口转发（需要<code>localhostForwarding=true</code>）</td></tr><tr><td>WSL2 -> Windows</td><td><code>host.docker.internal</code> 或 <code>$(cat /etc/resolv.conf | grep nameserver | awk '{print $2}')</code></td><td>获取主机的IP地址</td></tr><tr><td>外部机器 -> WSL2</td><td>默认不可达</td><td>需要手动端口转发或使用 Windows 防火墙规则</td></tr></tbody></table><p>想知道WSL2的IP地址吗？可以用这个命令查看哦～（不过要注意，每次启动WSL2后，IP地址可能会变呢～）</p><p>注意哦～这个命令需要进入到WSL2虚拟机内部执行才行呢～</p><div class="language- line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="" style="--shiki-light:#393a34;--shiki-dark:#dbd7caee;--shiki-light-bg:#ffffff;--shiki-dark-bg:#121212;"><pre class="shiki shiki-themes vitesse-light vitesse-dark vp-code"><code class="language-"><span class="line"><span>hostname -I</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>如果需要访问WSL2中的服务，多亏了<code>localhostForwarding</code>的配置，我们直接访问<a href="http://localhost:port" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">localhost:port</a>就可以啦～超方便的～</p><p>如果需要手动设置端口转发，可以在Powershell中添加防火墙规则和端口转发哦～不过要记得以管理员方式打开Powershell呢～</p><div class="language- line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="" style="--shiki-light:#393a34;--shiki-dark:#dbd7caee;--shiki-light-bg:#ffffff;--shiki-dark-bg:#121212;"><pre class="shiki shiki-themes vitesse-light vitesse-dark vp-code"><code class="language-"><span class="line"><span># 获取 WSL2 当前IP地址</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span>$wslIp = (wsl hostname -I).Trim()</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span>$wslIp</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span># 添加端口转发（以 8000 端口为样例）</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span>netsh interface portproxy add v4tov4 listenport=8000 listenaddress=0.0.0.0 connectport=8000 connectaddress=$wslIp</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span># 开放 Windows 防火墙</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span>New-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName "WSL2 Port 8000" -Direction Inbound -LocalPort 8000 -Protocol TCP -Action Allow</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span># 撤销端口转发</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span>netsh interface portproxy delete v4tov4 listenport=8000 listenaddress=0.0.0.0</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span># 撤销开放的防火墙规则</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span>Remove-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName "WSL2 Port 8000"</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="备份和迁移" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#备份和迁移"><span>备份和迁移</span></a></h2><p>WSL2发行版也是可以备份和迁移的哦～我们可以把整个发行版导出成tar文件，这样就可以用于备份、迁移或者分享给其他小伙伴啦～</p><div class="language- line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="" style="--shiki-light:#393a34;--shiki-dark:#dbd7caee;--shiki-light-bg:#ffffff;--shiki-dark-bg:#121212;"><pre class="shiki shiki-themes vitesse-light vitesse-dark vp-code"><code class="language-"><span class="line"><span># 导出指定发行版到 tar 文件</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span>wsl --export <发行版名称> <输出文件路径.tar></span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span>wsl --export Ubuntu-20.04 D:\backups\ubuntu-2004.tar</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span></span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span># 导入 tar 文件为新的发行版</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span>wsl --import <新发行版名称> <安装目录> <tar 文件路径> [选项]</span></span>
|
||
<span class="line"><span>wsl --import Ubuntu-Backup C:\wsl\Ubuntu-Backup D:\backups\ubuntu-2004.tar --version 2</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>要注意哦～导入完成后，默认用户会变成root呢～如果想要设置回原来的用户，可以使用这个命令：</p><div class="language- line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="" style="--shiki-light:#393a34;--shiki-dark:#dbd7caee;--shiki-light-bg:#ffffff;--shiki-dark-bg:#121212;"><pre class="shiki shiki-themes vitesse-light vitesse-dark vp-code"><code class="language-"><span class="line"><span>ubuntu2004.exe config --default-user username</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p>悄悄告诉大家一个小秘密～WSL2是可以同时存在多个同源发行版的哦～这样我们就可以在不同的环境中进行不同的实验啦～是不是很方便呢～</p></div><!----><!----><!----></div></main><footer class="vp-doc-footer" data-v-23f6ad98 data-v-7138e2cb><!--[--><!--]--><!----><div class="contributors" aria-label="Contributors" data-v-7138e2cb><span class="contributors-label" data-v-7138e2cb>贡献者: </span><span class="contributors-info" data-v-7138e2cb><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" data-v-7138e2cb>si-meng-spec</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-7138e2cb><div class="pager" data-v-7138e2cb><a class="vp-link link pager-link prev" href="/article/2025-BR-BRICS-BC-App-Develop-Op-Sample-Q_A/" data-v-7138e2cb><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-7138e2cb>上一页</span><span class="title" data-v-7138e2cb>2025 一带一路金砖 - 区块链应用开发与运维 样题详解</span><!--]--><!----></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-7138e2cb><a class="vp-link link pager-link next" href="/article/deploying-wsl2-on-windows-10/" data-v-7138e2cb><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-7138e2cb>下一页</span><span class="title" data-v-7138e2cb>在 Windows10 上部署 WSL2 并启动 ubuntu 虚拟机</span><!--]--><!----></a></div></nav></footer><div id="comment" class="waline-wrapper vp-comment" vp-comment darkmode="false" style="display:block;" data-v-23f6ad98><!----></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><!--]--><button style="display:none;" type="button" class="vp-back-to-top" aria-label="back to top" data-v-f73ca3da data-v-bcf8d9a6><span class="percent" data-allow-mismatch data-v-bcf8d9a6>0%</span><span class="show icon vpi-back-to-top" data-v-bcf8d9a6></span><svg aria-hidden="true" data-v-bcf8d9a6><circle cx="50%" cy="50%" data-allow-mismatch style="stroke-dasharray:calc(0% - 12.566370614359172px) calc(314.1592653589793% - 12.566370614359172px);" data-v-bcf8d9a6></circle></svg></button><svg style="display:none;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="sign down" class="vp-sign-down" aria-hidden="true" data-v-f73ca3da data-v-900978de><g fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2.5" data-v-900978de><path d="m19 11l-7 6l-7-6" data-v-900978de></path><path d="m19 5l-7 6l-7-6" opacity="0.6" data-v-900978de></path></g></svg><footer class="vp-footer" vp-footer data-v-f73ca3da data-v-400675cf><!--[--><div class="container" data-v-400675cf><p class="message" data-v-400675cf>Powered by <a target="_blank" href="https://v2.vuepress.vuejs.org/">VuePress</a> & <a target="_blank" href="https://theme-plume.vuejs.press">vuepress-theme-plume</a></p><!----></div><!--]--></footer><!--[--><!--]--><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><!--]--></div><script type="module" src="/assets/app-DxarFyj7.js" defer></script></body></html> |