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<!doctype html><html lang="zh-CN"><head><meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" /><meta name="generator" content="VuePress 2.0.0-rc.26" /><meta name="theme" content="VuePress Theme Plume 1.0.0-rc.192" /><script id="check-mac-os">document.documentElement.classList.toggle('mac', /Mac|iPhone|iPod|iPad/i.test(navigator.platform))</script><script id="check-dark-mode">;(function () {const um= localStorage.getItem('vuepress-theme-appearance') || 'auto';const sm = window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches;const isDark = um === 'dark' || (um !== 'light' && sm);document.documentElement.dataset.theme = isDark ? 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name="description" content="关于 memory 和 storage 存储类型 storage：合约的持久化状态数据，保存在链上状态。对 storage 的写入最昂贵，读取也比内存贵；修改会永久生效。 memory：函数调用期间的临时数据，函数返回后即释放。对 memory 的更改不会持久化。 （补充）calldata：外部函数参数的只读数据位置，零拷贝、不可修改，用于节省 gas..."><link rel="preload" href="/assets/style-BIsJluQH.css" as="style"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/style-BIsJluQH.css"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/app-DTJ1dk4L.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/index.html-29C7tOtK.js"></head><body><div id="app"><!--[--><!--[--><div class="theme-plume vp-layout" vp-container data-v-3835cfce><!--[--><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><span tabindex="-1" data-v-17e3d305></span><a href="#VPContent" class="vp-skip-link visually-hidden" data-v-17e3d305> Skip to content </a><!--]--><!----><header class="vp-nav" data-v-3835cfce data-v-59eaa6de><div class="vp-navbar" vp-navbar data-v-59eaa6de data-v-84e02ed1><div class="wrapper" data-v-84e02ed1><div class="container" data-v-84e02ed1><div class="title" data-v-84e02ed1><div 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href="/programming/solidity/other/miscellaneous/" data-v-3f7a02f6><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-3f7a02f6><span data-v-3f7a02f6>一些没分类的小知识</span><!----></p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="vp-sidebar-control" data-v-038909d5><button type="button" class="toggle-sidebar-btn" aria-label="Toggle sidebar" data-v-038909d5><span class="vpi-sidebar-close" data-v-038909d5></span></button></div><!--]--><!--[--><div id="VPContent" vp-content class="vp-content has-sidebar" data-v-3835cfce data-v-1136ebd8><div class="vp-doc-container has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-1136ebd8 data-v-a4311ef5><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-a4311ef5><div class="aside" vp-outline data-v-a4311ef5><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-a4311ef5></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-a4311ef5><div class="aside-content" data-v-a4311ef5><div class="vp-doc-aside" data-v-a4311ef5 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data-v-4c05ee02></li><li property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem" data-v-4c05ee02><a class="vp-link link no-icon breadcrumb current" href="/programming/solidity/other/miscellaneous/" property="item" typeof="WebPage" data-v-4c05ee02><!--[-->一些没分类的小知识<!--]--></a><!----><meta property="name" content="一些没分类的小知识" data-v-4c05ee02><meta property="position" content="4" data-v-4c05ee02></li><!--]--></ol></nav><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><div class="vp-doc-title" data-v-9ebb517f><!--[--><!--]--><h1 class="page-title" data-v-9ebb517f><!----> 一些没分类的小知识 <!----></h1><!--[--><!--]--></div><div class="vp-doc-meta" data-v-9ebb517f><!--[--><!--]--><p class="reading-time" data-v-9ebb517f><span class="vpi-books icon" data-v-9ebb517f></span><span data-v-9ebb517f>约 721 字</span><span data-v-9ebb517f>大约 2 分钟</span></p><!----><!--[--><!--]--><p class="create-time" data-v-9ebb517f><span class="vpi-clock icon" data-v-9ebb517f></span><span data-v-9ebb517f>2025-10-12</span></p></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><div class="_programming_solidity_other_miscellaneous_ external-link-icon-enabled vp-doc plume-content" vp-content data-v-a4311ef5><!--[--><!--]--><div data-v-a4311ef5><h2 id="关于-memory-和-storage-存储类型" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#关于-memory-和-storage-存储类型"><span>关于 memory 和 storage 存储类型</span></a></h2><ul><li><code>storage</code>：合约的持久化状态数据，保存在链上状态。对 <code>storage</code> 的写入最昂贵，读取也比内存贵；修改会永久生效。</li><li><code>memory</code>：函数调用期间的临时数据，函数返回后即释放。对 <code>memory</code> 的更改不会持久化。</li><li>（补充）<code>calldata</code>：外部函数参数的只读数据位置，零拷贝、不可修改，用于节省 gas。</li></ul><h3 id="生命周期与成本" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#生命周期与成本"><span>生命周期与成本</span></a></h3><ul><li><code>storage</code> 写入昂贵、读取较贵；适合保存需要长期存在的状态。</li><li><code>memory</code> 在函数结束时释放，读取/写入相对便宜；适合临时计算与返回值。</li><li>复杂引用类型（数组、<code>struct</code>、<code>mapping</code>、<code>string</code>、<code>bytes</code>）在函数参数或局部变量处通常必须显式标注数据位置。</li></ul><h3 id="默认与必须声明" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#默认与必须声明"><span>默认与必须声明</span></a></h3><ul><li>状态变量总是位于 <code>storage</code>（例如 <code>User[] public users;</code>）。</li><li>外部函数（<code>external</code>）的复杂类型参数默认是 <code>calldata</code>；内部/公共函数需要显式标注 <code>memory</code> 或 <code>storage</code>。</li><li>局部变量的复杂类型必须指定数据位置，否则编译报错。</li></ul><h3 id="拷贝与引用语义" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#拷贝与引用语义"><span>拷贝与引用语义</span></a></h3><ul><li>从 <code>storage</code> 读取到 <code>memory</code> 会“复制”数据；修改 <code>memory</code> 副本不影响原始 <code>storage</code>。</li><li>使用 <code>storage</code> 局部变量可以得到对状态数据的“引用”，对其赋值会持久化。</li></ul><div class="language-solidity line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="solidity" style="--shiki-light:#393a34;--shiki-dark:#dbd7caee;--shiki-light-bg:#ffffff;--shiki-dark-bg:#121212;"><pre class="shiki shiki-themes vitesse-light vitesse-dark vp-code"><code class="language-solidity"><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#1E754F;--shiki-dark:#4D9375;">pragma</span><span style="--shiki-light:#1E754F;--shiki-dark:#4D9375;"> solidity</span><span style="--shiki-light:#A65E2B;--shiki-dark:#C99076;"> ^0.8.20</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;">contract</span><span style="--shiki-light:#2E8F82;--shiki-dark:#5DA994;"> Users</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;"> {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;"> struct</span><span style="--shiki-light:#2E8F82;--shiki-dark:#5DA994;"> User</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;"> {</span><span style="--shiki-light:#2E8F82;--shiki-dark:#5DA994;"> string</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#2E8F82;--shiki-dark:#5DA994;"> uint</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> age</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;"> }</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> User</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">[]</span><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;"> public</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> users</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;"> function</span><span style="--shiki-light:#59873A;--shiki-dark:#80A665;"> add</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#2E8F82;--shiki-dark:#5DA994;">string</span><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;"> memory</span><span style="--shiki-light:#B07D48;--shiki-dark:#BD976A;"> name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#2E8F82;--shiki-dark:#5DA994;"> uint</span><span style="--shiki-light:#B07D48;--shiki-dark:#BD976A;"> age</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">)</span><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;"> external</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;"> {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> users</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#59873A;--shiki-dark:#80A665;">push</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#59873A;--shiki-dark:#80A665;">User</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> age</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">));</span><span style="--shiki-light:#A0ADA0;--shiki-dark:#758575DD;"> // 写入 storage</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;"> }</span></span>
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<span class="line"></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;"> function</span><span style="--shiki-light:#59873A;--shiki-dark:#80A665;"> updateName</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#2E8F82;--shiki-dark:#5DA994;">uint</span><span style="--shiki-light:#B07D48;--shiki-dark:#BD976A;"> i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">,</span><span style="--shiki-light:#2E8F82;--shiki-dark:#5DA994;"> string</span><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;"> memory</span><span style="--shiki-light:#B07D48;--shiki-dark:#BD976A;"> newName</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">)</span><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;"> external</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;"> {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> User </span><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;">storage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> u </span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> users</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">[</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;">i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">];</span><span style="--shiki-light:#A0ADA0;--shiki-dark:#758575DD;"> // storage 引用（指向链上状态）</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> u</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;">name </span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> newName</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#A0ADA0;--shiki-dark:#758575DD;"> // 修改持久化生效</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;"> }</span></span>
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<span class="line"></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;"> function</span><span style="--shiki-light:#59873A;--shiki-dark:#80A665;"> tryUpdate</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#2E8F82;--shiki-dark:#5DA994;">uint</span><span style="--shiki-light:#B07D48;--shiki-dark:#BD976A;"> i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">)</span><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;"> external</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;"> {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> User </span><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;">memory</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> u </span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> users</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">[</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;">i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">];</span><span style="--shiki-light:#A0ADA0;--shiki-dark:#758575DD;"> // 从 storage 复制到 memory</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> u</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;">age </span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#2F798A;--shiki-dark:#4C9A91;"> 99</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#A0ADA0;--shiki-dark:#758575DD;"> // 仅修改副本，不会影响链上状态</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;"> }</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="在内部函数传递-storage-引用" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#在内部函数传递-storage-引用"><span>在内部函数传递 storage 引用</span></a></h3><ul><li>仅内部/私有函数可以接收 <code>storage</code> 引用参数，从而直接修改状态；外部函数参数不能是 <code>storage</code>。</li></ul><div class="language-solidity line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="solidity" style="--shiki-light:#393a34;--shiki-dark:#dbd7caee;--shiki-light-bg:#ffffff;--shiki-dark-bg:#121212;"><pre class="shiki shiki-themes vitesse-light vitesse-dark vp-code"><code class="language-solidity"><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#1E754F;--shiki-dark:#4D9375;">pragma</span><span style="--shiki-light:#1E754F;--shiki-dark:#4D9375;"> solidity</span><span style="--shiki-light:#A65E2B;--shiki-dark:#C99076;"> ^0.8.20</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;">contract</span><span style="--shiki-light:#2E8F82;--shiki-dark:#5DA994;"> Users2</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;"> {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;"> struct</span><span style="--shiki-light:#2E8F82;--shiki-dark:#5DA994;"> User</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;"> {</span><span style="--shiki-light:#2E8F82;--shiki-dark:#5DA994;"> string</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#2E8F82;--shiki-dark:#5DA994;"> uint</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> age</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;"> }</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> User</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">[]</span><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;"> public</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> users</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;"> function</span><span style="--shiki-light:#59873A;--shiki-dark:#80A665;"> _inc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;">User</span><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;"> storage</span><span style="--shiki-light:#B07D48;--shiki-dark:#BD976A;"> u</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">)</span><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;"> internal</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;"> {</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> u</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;">age </span><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;">+</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#2F798A;--shiki-dark:#4C9A91;"> 1</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;"> }</span></span>
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<span class="line"></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;"> function</span><span style="--shiki-light:#59873A;--shiki-dark:#80A665;"> birthday</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#2E8F82;--shiki-dark:#5DA994;">uint</span><span style="--shiki-light:#B07D48;--shiki-dark:#BD976A;"> i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">)</span><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;"> external</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;"> {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#59873A;--shiki-dark:#80A665;"> _inc</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;">users</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">[</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;">i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">]);</span><span style="--shiki-light:#A0ADA0;--shiki-dark:#758575DD;"> // 传递 storage 引用，持久化修改</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;"> }</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="动态-memory-数组与限制" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#动态-memory-数组与限制"><span>动态 memory 数组与限制</span></a></h3><ul><li>可在 <code>memory</code> 中构造动态数组：<code>new uint[](n)</code>；适合作为返回值或临时计算。</li><li><code>mapping</code> 只能存在于 <code>storage</code>，不能在 <code>memory</code> 中创建或拷贝。</li></ul><div class="language-solidity line-numbers-mode" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="solidity" style="--shiki-light:#393a34;--shiki-dark:#dbd7caee;--shiki-light-bg:#ffffff;--shiki-dark-bg:#121212;"><pre class="shiki shiki-themes vitesse-light vitesse-dark vp-code"><code class="language-solidity"><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#1E754F;--shiki-dark:#4D9375;">pragma</span><span style="--shiki-light:#1E754F;--shiki-dark:#4D9375;"> solidity</span><span style="--shiki-light:#A65E2B;--shiki-dark:#C99076;"> ^0.8.20</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;">contract</span><span style="--shiki-light:#2E8F82;--shiki-dark:#5DA994;"> Arrays</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;"> {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;"> function</span><span style="--shiki-light:#59873A;--shiki-dark:#80A665;"> make</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#2E8F82;--shiki-dark:#5DA994;">uint</span><span style="--shiki-light:#B07D48;--shiki-dark:#BD976A;"> n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">)</span><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;"> external</span><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;"> pure</span><span style="--shiki-light:#1E754F;--shiki-dark:#4D9375;"> returns</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;"> (</span><span style="--shiki-light:#2E8F82;--shiki-dark:#5DA994;">uint</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">[]</span><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;"> memory</span><span style="--shiki-light:#B07D48;--shiki-dark:#BD976A;"> a</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">)</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;"> {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> a </span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#1E754F;--shiki-dark:#4D9375;"> new</span><span style="--shiki-light:#2E8F82;--shiki-dark:#5DA994;"> uint</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;">[](</span><span style="--shiki-light:#B07D48;--shiki-dark:#BD976A;">n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;">)</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#1E754F;--shiki-dark:#4D9375;"> for</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;"> (</span><span style="--shiki-light:#2E8F82;--shiki-dark:#5DA994;">uint</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> i </span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">=</span><span style="--shiki-light:#2F798A;--shiki-dark:#4C9A91;"> 0</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> i </span><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;"><</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> n</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">;</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#AB5959;--shiki-dark:#CB7676;">++</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">)</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> a</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">[</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;">i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">]</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#393A34;--shiki-dark:#DBD7CAEE;"> i</span><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;"> }</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#999999;--shiki-dark:#666666;">}</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true" style="counter-reset:line-number 0;"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="常见坑与实践建议" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#常见坑与实践建议"><span>常见坑与实践建议</span></a></h3><ul><li>给 <code>storage</code> 变量整体赋值会进行深拷贝或引用变更（依据类型），要明确拷贝成本与语义。</li><li>修改 <code>memory</code> 副本不会持久化；要修改链上状态请使用 <code>storage</code> 引用。</li><li>大型 <code>string/bytes/数组</code> 在 <code>memory↔storage</code> 间复制成本高，尽量减少不必要的复制。</li><li>外部函数能用 <code>calldata</code> 的地方尽量使用（只读参数），节省 gas。</li></ul></div><!----><!----><!----><footer class="vp-doc-footer" data-v-a4311ef5 data-v-abf7cea9><!--[--><!--]--><!----><div class="contributors" aria-label="Contributors" data-v-abf7cea9><span class="contributors-label" data-v-abf7cea9>贡献者: </span><span class="contributors-info" data-v-abf7cea9><!--[--><!--[--><span class="contributor" data-v-abf7cea9>祀梦</span><!----><!--]--><!--]--></span></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-abf7cea9><div class="pager" data-v-abf7cea9><a class="vp-link link pager-link prev" href="/programming/solidity/other/hardhat/" data-v-abf7cea9><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-abf7cea9>上一页</span><span class="title" data-v-abf7cea9><!----><span data-v-abf7cea9>Hardhat 相关知识</span></span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-abf7cea9><!----></div></nav></footer></div><!--]--></main><div id="comment" class="waline-wrapper vp-comment" vp-comment darkmode="false" style="display:block;" data-v-a4311ef5><!----></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><!--]--><button type="button" class="vp-back-to-top" aria-label="back to top" data-v-3835cfce style="display:none;" data-v-bcf8d9a6><span class="percent" data-allow-mismatch data-v-bcf8d9a6>0%</span><span class="show icon vpi-back-to-top" data-v-bcf8d9a6></span><svg aria-hidden="true" data-v-bcf8d9a6><circle cx="50%" cy="50%" data-allow-mismatch style="stroke-dasharray:calc(0% - 12.566370614359172px) calc(314.1592653589793% - 12.566370614359172px);" data-v-bcf8d9a6></circle></svg></button><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" aria-label="sign down" class="vp-sign-down" aria-hidden="true" data-v-3835cfce style="display:none;" data-v-3df7872a><g fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2.5" data-v-3df7872a><path d="m19 11l-7 6l-7-6" data-v-3df7872a></path><path d="m19 5l-7 6l-7-6" opacity="0.6" data-v-3df7872a></path></g></svg><footer class="vp-footer has-sidebar" vp-footer data-v-3835cfce data-v-91d1c8f3><!--[--><div class="container" data-v-91d1c8f3><div class="message" data-v-91d1c8f3>愿每一份温柔都被世界珍藏 ✨</div><div class="copyright" data-v-91d1c8f3><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank" aria-label="gongan filing address">沪ICP备2023010022号-1</a>©2025祀梦的个人博客</div></div><!--]--></footer><!--[--><!--]--><!--]--></div><!----><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><!--]--></div><script type="module" src="/assets/app-DTJ1dk4L.js" defer></script></body></html> |