--- title: 核心语法与句型 createTime: 2025/10/20 16:40:00 permalink: /subject/english/grammar/ --- # 核心语法与句型 ## 时态与语态 - 16 种时态的构成与用法(一般/进行/完成/完成进行 × 现在/过去/将来/过去将来) - 被动语态的转换规则与适用场景 - 时态一致原则(主将从现、过去时一致等) - 情态动词 + 完成体(must have done / should have done 等)的推测与虚拟含义 ## 从句 ### 名词性从句 - 主语从句(That he failed surprised us. / Whether she comes matters.) - 宾语从句(I think (that) you are right.) - 表语从句(The truth is that he lied.) - 同位语从句(The fact that he lied shocked us.) ### 定语从句 - 限定性 vs. 非限定性 - 关系代词(who / whom / whose / which / that)与关系副词(when / where / why) - 介词 + 关系代词(the house in which I live) - 省略与替代(the book (that) I bought; the place (where) we met) ### 状语从句 - 时间(when / while / before / after / as soon as / until) - 条件(if / unless / provided that / on condition that) - 让步(though / although / even if / while) - 原因(because / since / as / now that) - 结果(so...that / such...that) - 目的(so that / in order that) - 比较(than / as...as / the more...the more) ## 非谓语动词 - 不定式(to do):作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语 - 动名词(doing):作主语、宾语、表语、定语 - 现在分词(doing)与过去分词(done):作定语、状语、补语、表语 - 独立主格结构(with + O + OC; N + doing / done...) - 非谓语动词的时态与语态(to be doing / to have done / being done / having been done) ## 倒装与虚拟 ### 倒装 - 否定副词置前(Never have I seen...) - Only + 状语置前(Only then did I realize...) - So / Such 置前(So fast did he run that...) - 方位/时间副词置前(Out rushed the children.) - 虚拟条件句省略 if(Were I you... / Had I known...) ### 虚拟语气 - 与现在事实相反(If I were you, I would...) - 与过去事实相反(If I had known, I would have...) - 与将来事实相反(If it should rain tomorrow...) - 省略 if 的倒装(Were / Should / Had...) - 含蓄虚拟(without / but for / otherwise) - 名词性从句中的虚拟(insist that... (should) do; It is important that... (should) do) ## 句式与信息焦点 ### 强调结构 - It is / was...that / who...(It was John that/who broke the window.) - 助动词 do / does / did(She did tell me the truth.) - 副词强调(absolutely / definitely / simply) ### 分裂句(Cleft Sentence) - 主语分裂(What I need is time.) - 宾语分裂(What he bought was a Ferrari.) - 状语分裂(Where we met was in Paris.) ### 平行与省略 - 并列结构中的省略(He likes tea and she coffee.) - 比较结构中的省略(I like her better than him.) - 替代(do / so / one / that / those) ### 插入语与同位语 - 破折号、括号、逗号插入(The book—which I bought yesterday—is amazing.) - 同位语短语(Mr. Smith, CEO of the company, will attend.) ### 长难句拆解策略 - 找谓语,定主干 - 划从句,标连接词 - 去插入,还省略 - 调语序,还原文