feat: v1.0.0 祀梦笔记:从 0 到 1 的数字化花园建设
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22
docs/notes/subject/english/README.md
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docs/notes/subject/english/README.md
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---
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title: 英语学习笔记
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createTime: 2025/10/20 16:34:20
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permalink: /subject/english/
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---
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# 英语学习笔记
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这是一个英语学习笔记的总览页。下面是目录与分区入口:
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## 目录
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- 学习环境与工具 → `/subject/english/basis/`
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- 词汇与记忆 → `/subject/english/vocabulary/`
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- 语法与句法 → `/subject/english/grammar/`
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- 听力与口语 → `/subject/english/listening-speaking/`
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- 阅读 → `/subject/english/reading-writing/`
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- 考试与备考(含四级) → `/subject/english/exam/cet-4/`
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- 学习资源与工具 → `/subject/english/resources/`
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- 写译 → `/subject/english/writing-translation/`
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你可以从以上入口进入对应的专题,随时扩展各章节内容。
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docs/notes/subject/english/basis/README.md
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docs/notes/subject/english/basis/README.md
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---
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title: 英语环境配置
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createTime: 2025/10/20 16:34:20
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permalink: /subject/english/basis/
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---
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# 英语环境配置
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这里是英语学习的入门环境配置示例模版:
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- 推荐词典与工具
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- 输入法与语音资源
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- 常用学习网站与 App
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你可以按需补充具体内容。
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docs/notes/subject/english/exam/cet-4.md
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docs/notes/subject/english/exam/cet-4.md
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---
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title: 英语四级 (CET-4) 备考指南
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createTime: 2025/10/20 16:42:00
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permalink: /subject/english/exam/cet-4/
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---
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# 英语四级 (CET-4) 备考指南
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## 考试结构概览
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- 听力 (25%):新闻、长对话、讲座/采访
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- 阅读 (35%):仔细阅读、选词填空
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- 翻译 (15%):汉译英
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- 写作 (25%):应用文与观点写作
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## 核心备考策略
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- 词汇:高频词与真题语块,使用 SRS 间隔重复
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- 语法:时态、非谓语、从句,针对写作与翻译的准确表达
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- 听力:精听 + 跟读(shadowing),积累场景表达
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- 阅读:结构化分析段落逻辑,题型定位与干扰项识别
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- 写作:模板+素材库+改写练习,关注连贯与准确
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## 时间分配建议
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- 写作 30 分钟:审题→列纲→写作→快速校对
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- 阅读 40 分钟:定位→分析→作答→标记不确定
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- 听力 按机考节奏:提前熟悉说明与做题界面
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- 翻译 20 分钟:分句翻译→语法检查→润色
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## 真题与模拟
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- 使用近 3-5 年真题按套训练;分析错因并归档到词汇/语法/方法类别
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- 每周至少一次全真模拟,记录分配与状态调整
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## 考场技巧
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- 先易后难;不确定题目标记后回看
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- 注意题干限制词与语义线索(especially/only/not/except 等)
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- 写作与翻译建议使用简单准确句式,避免长难句错误
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## 推荐资源
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- 真题:教育部考试中心官方题库与解析
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- 听力:BBC 6 Minute English、VOA Learning English
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- 写作:常用应用文格式与常见开头结尾句
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> 后续我会补充各模块的详细练习清单与示例。
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docs/notes/subject/english/grammar/README.md
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docs/notes/subject/english/grammar/README.md
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---
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title: 核心语法与句型
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createTime: 2025/10/20 16:40:00
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permalink: /subject/english/grammar/
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---
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# 核心语法与句型
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## 时态与语态
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- 16 种时态的构成与用法(一般/进行/完成/完成进行 × 现在/过去/将来/过去将来)
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- 被动语态的转换规则与适用场景
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- 时态一致原则(主将从现、过去时一致等)
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- 情态动词 + 完成体(must have done / should have done 等)的推测与虚拟含义
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## 从句
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### 名词性从句
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- 主语从句(That he failed surprised us. / Whether she comes matters.)
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- 宾语从句(I think (that) you are right.)
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- 表语从句(The truth is that he lied.)
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- 同位语从句(The fact that he lied shocked us.)
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### 定语从句
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- 限定性 vs. 非限定性
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- 关系代词(who / whom / whose / which / that)与关系副词(when / where / why)
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- 介词 + 关系代词(the house in which I live)
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- 省略与替代(the book (that) I bought; the place (where) we met)
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### 状语从句
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- 时间(when / while / before / after / as soon as / until)
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- 条件(if / unless / provided that / on condition that)
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- 让步(though / although / even if / while)
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- 原因(because / since / as / now that)
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- 结果(so...that / such...that)
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- 目的(so that / in order that)
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- 比较(than / as...as / the more...the more)
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## 非谓语动词
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- 不定式(to do):作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语
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- 动名词(doing):作主语、宾语、表语、定语
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- 现在分词(doing)与过去分词(done):作定语、状语、补语、表语
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- 独立主格结构(with + O + OC; N + doing / done...)
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- 非谓语动词的时态与语态(to be doing / to have done / being done / having been done)
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## 倒装与虚拟
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### 倒装
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- 否定副词置前(Never have I seen...)
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- Only + 状语置前(Only then did I realize...)
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- So / Such 置前(So fast did he run that...)
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- 方位/时间副词置前(Out rushed the children.)
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- 虚拟条件句省略 if(Were I you... / Had I known...)
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### 虚拟语气
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- 与现在事实相反(If I were you, I would...)
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- 与过去事实相反(If I had known, I would have...)
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- 与将来事实相反(If it should rain tomorrow...)
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- 省略 if 的倒装(Were / Should / Had...)
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- 含蓄虚拟(without / but for / otherwise)
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- 名词性从句中的虚拟(insist that... (should) do; It is important that... (should) do)
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## 句式与信息焦点
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### 强调结构
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- It is / was...that / who...(It was John that/who broke the window.)
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- 助动词 do / does / did(She did tell me the truth.)
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- 副词强调(absolutely / definitely / simply)
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### 分裂句(Cleft Sentence)
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- 主语分裂(What I need is time.)
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- 宾语分裂(What he bought was a Ferrari.)
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- 状语分裂(Where we met was in Paris.)
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### 平行与省略
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- 并列结构中的省略(He likes tea and she coffee.)
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- 比较结构中的省略(I like her better than him.)
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- 替代(do / so / one / that / those)
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### 插入语与同位语
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- 破折号、括号、逗号插入(The book—which I bought yesterday—is amazing.)
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- 同位语短语(Mr. Smith, CEO of the company, will attend.)
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### 长难句拆解策略
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- 找谓语,定主干
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- 划从句,标连接词
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- 去插入,还省略
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- 调语序,还原文
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89
docs/notes/subject/english/listening-speaking/README.md
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docs/notes/subject/english/listening-speaking/README.md
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---
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title: 听力口语训练
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createTime: 2025/10/20 16:40:00
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permalink: /subject/english/listening-speaking/
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---
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# 听力口语训练
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- 音素与连读弱读
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- 听力材料选择与精听泛听
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- 跟读与复述(shadowing & retelling)
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- 场景对话与表达
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## 自然拼读法Phonics
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Phonics自然拼音,或叫“英语自然拼读法”更容易理解。拼读什么?就是看到英文字母或字母的组合能自然地读出、读对它的发音。这里,首先要区分“读音”(Name)与“发音”(Sound)。A-Z的26个字母几乎大家都认识、都能念出来,而念出来的就是字母本身的“读音”;而自然发音指的是字母的“发音”。发音不同于读音。看到字母后,不管读音,找对发音。这就Phonics要学的。理论可以讲很多很深,但Phonics注重的是方法与实践。因此,知道怎么正确发音就行了。
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下面给你放一个基本发音规则的表,虽然看不到完整版但是足够了也足够大致理解发音规律了
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```
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https://wenku.so.com/tfd/b97611df865df13967a3b93a66d9e904?src=360ss&ocpc_id=139916&plan_id=2327941041&group_id=687803892&keyword=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E6%8B%BC%E8%AF%BB%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%BB%84%E5%90%88%E5%8F%91%E9%9F%B3&qhclickid=2ee0322320520786
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```
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英文的26个字母,分为元音和辅音,其中元音只有5个,即a,e,i,o,u,其余字母均为辅音。
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对于大多数辅音来说,它们的发音是一对一的,而有少数几个辅音字母,每个字母有两个或以上的发音。
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### 二、有多个发音的辅音
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#### c 字母
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c后面接a,o,u的时候,c的发音与字母k发音相同,叫做“hard c sound”:
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```
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cat, cap,call,coat,cup
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```
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当字母c后面接e,i,或y的时候,通常c的发音与字母s发音相同,叫做“soft c sound” :
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```
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city, ice, rice, face, cell, cent, voice, pencil, juice
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```
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有时在e或i前面,c会发/sh/音:
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```
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ocean, racial, social
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```
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#### g 字母
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g后面接a,o,u的时候,所发的音叫做“hard g sound”:
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```
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girl, gas, get, give, go
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```
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当字母g后面接e,i,或y的时候,有时g的发音与字母j的发音相同,叫做“soft g sound”
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```
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age, change, ginger, Egypt, gentle, giraffe, badge
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```
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特例:forget, give, girl中的g发hard sound。
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#### x 字母
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x在单词中间或结尾时发/ks/音:
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```
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box, next, fix, mix, tax
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```
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x在单词中间时有时发/gz/音:
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```
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exit, exam, exact
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```
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x在单词起始位置时发/z/音:
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```
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xylophone, xerox。
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```
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#### y 字母
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y在单词起始位置时发音为辅音:
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```
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yes, you, yard, year, yell
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```
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y在单词或音节中间或结尾时被当做元音;
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y在结尾,单词只有一个音节时y发长/i/音,y在结尾,单词有两个或以上音节时y发长/e/音,y在单词或音节中间时,发短/i/音。
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- 小测试:
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- my, cry, fly, sky, baby, happy
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- puppy, hurrygym, nymph
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docs/notes/subject/english/reading-writing/README.md
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docs/notes/subject/english/reading-writing/README.md
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---
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title: 阅读提升
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createTime: 2025/10/20 16:40:00
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permalink: /subject/english/reading-writing/
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---
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# 阅读提升
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- 阅读策略(略读、扫读、精读)
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- 篇章结构与逻辑(指代、连接、修饰)
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12
docs/notes/subject/english/vocabulary/README.md
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docs/notes/subject/english/vocabulary/README.md
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---
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title: 词汇学习与记忆法
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createTime: 2025/10/20 16:40:00
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permalink: /subject/english/vocabulary/
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---
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# 词汇学习与记忆法
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- 高频词与词根词缀
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- 主题词汇(校园、科技、社会等)
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- 间隔重复(SRS)与记忆曲线
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- 固定搭配与语块(collocations & chunks)
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11
docs/notes/subject/english/writing-translation/README.md
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docs/notes/subject/english/writing-translation/README.md
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---
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title: 写译
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createTime: 2025/10/22 10:26:07
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permalink: /subject/english/writing-translation/
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---
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# 写译
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- 写作模板与常用句式
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- 改写与润色(句式多样化、语法准确性)
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- 翻译(语法、词汇、上下文)
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