diff --git a/docs/notes/subject/english/grammar/README.md b/docs/notes/subject/english/grammar/README.md index 33203f3..e302b15 100644 --- a/docs/notes/subject/english/grammar/README.md +++ b/docs/notes/subject/english/grammar/README.md @@ -6,7 +6,79 @@ permalink: /subject/english/grammar/ # 核心语法与句型 -- 时态与语态 -- 从句(名词性、定语、状语) -- 非谓语动词与倒装虚拟 -- 句式与信息焦点(强调、分裂句) +## 时态与语态 +- 16 种时态的构成与用法(一般/进行/完成/完成进行 × 现在/过去/将来/过去将来) +- 被动语态的转换规则与适用场景 +- 时态一致原则(主将从现、过去时一致等) +- 情态动词 + 完成体(must have done / should have done 等)的推测与虚拟含义 + +## 从句 +### 名词性从句 +- 主语从句(That he failed surprised us. / Whether she comes matters.) +- 宾语从句(I think (that) you are right.) +- 表语从句(The truth is that he lied.) +- 同位语从句(The fact that he lied shocked us.) + +### 定语从句 +- 限定性 vs. 非限定性 +- 关系代词(who / whom / whose / which / that)与关系副词(when / where / why) +- 介词 + 关系代词(the house in which I live) +- 省略与替代(the book (that) I bought; the place (where) we met) + +### 状语从句 +- 时间(when / while / before / after / as soon as / until) +- 条件(if / unless / provided that / on condition that) +- 让步(though / although / even if / while) +- 原因(because / since / as / now that) +- 结果(so...that / such...that) +- 目的(so that / in order that) +- 比较(than / as...as / the more...the more) + +## 非谓语动词 +- 不定式(to do):作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语 +- 动名词(doing):作主语、宾语、表语、定语 +- 现在分词(doing)与过去分词(done):作定语、状语、补语、表语 +- 独立主格结构(with + O + OC; N + doing / done...) +- 非谓语动词的时态与语态(to be doing / to have done / being done / having been done) + +## 倒装与虚拟 +### 倒装 +- 否定副词置前(Never have I seen...) +- Only + 状语置前(Only then did I realize...) +- So / Such 置前(So fast did he run that...) +- 方位/时间副词置前(Out rushed the children.) +- 虚拟条件句省略 if(Were I you... / Had I known...) + +### 虚拟语气 +- 与现在事实相反(If I were you, I would...) +- 与过去事实相反(If I had known, I would have...) +- 与将来事实相反(If it should rain tomorrow...) +- 省略 if 的倒装(Were / Should / Had...) +- 含蓄虚拟(without / but for / otherwise) +- 名词性从句中的虚拟(insist that... (should) do; It is important that... (should) do) + +## 句式与信息焦点 +### 强调结构 +- It is / was...that / who...(It was John that/who broke the window.) +- 助动词 do / does / did(She did tell me the truth.) +- 副词强调(absolutely / definitely / simply) + +### 分裂句(Cleft Sentence) +- 主语分裂(What I need is time.) +- 宾语分裂(What he bought was a Ferrari.) +- 状语分裂(Where we met was in Paris.) + +### 平行与省略 +- 并列结构中的省略(He likes tea and she coffee.) +- 比较结构中的省略(I like her better than him.) +- 替代(do / so / one / that / those) + +### 插入语与同位语 +- 破折号、括号、逗号插入(The book—which I bought yesterday—is amazing.) +- 同位语短语(Mr. Smith, CEO of the company, will attend.) + +### 长难句拆解策略 +- 找谓语,定主干 +- 划从句,标连接词 +- 去插入,还省略 +- 调语序,还原文